Qaida Tartil-ul-Qur'an

رَتِّلِ الْقُرْآنَ تَرْتِيلاًه }. Recite the Qur'an a good recital. QAIDA. TARTILU LQUR'AN قاعده ترتيل القرآن 9. In which. The basic rules for reciting fluently and melodiously have been presented in simple manner accompanied with appropriate exercises. I have no power to accomplish anything save through Allah.. The devotee: Hafiz Burhan Muhammad Khan 0

CONTENTS. No. Detail 1. Preface 2. Introduction. The Arabic alphabet, Short vowels,. Page 1 2 long vowels, Pliable letters. 3. The Arabic alphabet 11 4 Arabic letters in compound form 16. LO 5. The vowel marks 19 00 6. Letters with vowel marks 20 7. Letters with mixed vowel marks 24 ן 8. Reading two letters together 25 9. Reading three letters together 29 10. Joining a letter to quiescent one 34 11. Shaky letters 36 12. Exercise of shaky and unshaken letters 37 13. Revision of rules taught previously. 38 14. Letters of prolongation 40 15. Pliable letters 44 16. Long vowels and pliable letters 45 17 3 18 19. Revision of the rules learnt previously. Exercise to refine the pronunciation. Representative marks for long vowels 47 50 52

20. Adjacent letters in sound 54 21. Tanwin or suffix n in a noun 56 22. Clarity in nun and nunation 58 23. Suppression in nün and nunation 60 24. Collective practice of rules learnt 63 formerly 25 3. Tashdīd (to consolidate) 67 26. Superfluous letters 70 27. Collective practice of the rule learnt 72 previously 28. Mergence of a letter into its following 75 .29. Places where the voice is suppressed 82 and prolonged 30. Collective practice of rules learnt 85 previously 31. Super long vowels 90 32. Some verses from Qur'ān for practice 94. J 33. Ways of stoppage 98 34. Joining Hamzah 103 35. Conversion of nunation to visible nūn 106 36. Superfluous 'alif after fathah 109 .37. Waqf, Waqfah, Saktah, 'imālah 111 3

J 3 3 1. PREFACE. I have gone through this treatise, which deals with an interesting subject of teaching the precise recitation of the Holy Quran. The writer has employed in transliteration the phonetic system adopted by the Royal Asiatic. Society.. He has started from the very alphabet of. Arabic language and gradually introduced the rules and regulations of Arabic reading and exhausted the subject in the last lesson.. An English speaking reader will find this work very helpful to achieve the ability of reciting the Holy Quran correctly.. The writer has put commendable effort to produce this marvelous work. May Allah reward him for it in this world and in the hereafter. انی سال. Malik Jamil R. Rafiq

میری 2. INTRODUCTION. Here is a preliminary book for teaching recitation of the Holy Quran using proper. Arabic syllables and accent named "Qaida. Tarteel-ul-Quran". It consists of a series of lessons specially arranged to enable a learner to recite Quran fluently and beautifully. The book was initially written for. Urdu speaking people who have been benefiting from it for the last ten years.. Now to extend its benefit to the English. speaking world, it is being presented with instructions in English language. In transliteration, which has been used sparingly, we have followed the system adopted by the Royal Asiatic Society. Before we start with the explanation of Arabic. Alphabet, it is better to mention that in transliteration short vowels are represented by a for like u in bud, i for bid, u for 2. G. like i in like oo in wood. The long vowels by a for 1 like a in father ī fore like ee in deep, ai for ✓✓ site, ū for like i in 3 like oo in root, au for ŷ ✓ resembling ou in sound.

3. THE ARABIC ALPHABET. The Arabic alphabet consists of 28 letters. The pronunciation of the majority of these letters bears resemblance to English sounds. However, the pronunciation of a few is exclusively Arabic.. Following is the list of Arabic consonants, the sound symbol for each and its approximate equivalent in English. 1. Arabic consonants, the pronunciation. of which bears bears. English sounds.. Letter. Sound. Symbol resemblance to. English. Equivalent س. ش. J. J J1333 b bet t tea th. Thing で j judge. S. Sea sh. Shoe ر r. Red 3. N. Zoo d. Door

Cb C L G ك ل ي 4 dh. That f. Fire k. Kid |. Let m. Man n. Net. W watch y. Yet * The sound of Arabic " > " is much softer and more dental than that of. English "d" the 2. Arabic consonants, the pronunciation of which bears little or no resemblance to English sounds.. Letter. Sound. Symbol. English. Equivalent. S. ض d b ظ saw dul t task. No Equivalent. N.

เก 5 3. Arabic consonants, the pronunciation 6 q of which is exclusively Arabic.. Kh gh h. This sound symbol standsfor the glottal stop called hamzah and written ">". It is the sound, which occurs, commonly in. English words beginning with a vowel, e.g. eagle order….... This sound symbol stands for the. Arabic consonant "G" if one articulates "q" as far back in the throat as one can, the distinctive sound pronounced is q.. The nearest English approximation to it is the Pronunciation of k in talk.. This sound symbol stands for the. Arabic consonant "C" this consonant is pronounced like the sound in Scottish loch and German achtung.. This sound symbol stands for the. Arabic Consonant "E" which can be approximated by the Pronunciation of the French r in such words as Paris and renard.. This sound symbol stands for the て. Arabic Consonant the 66 ". Pronunciation of which is strictly Arabic.. This sound symbol stands for the. Arabic consonant 66 ع " the. Pronunciation of which is strictly Arabic.

6 66 us is bb 33. are. The emphatic and none emphatic letters.. The four letters traditionally called the "emphatics" and their characteristic pronunciation is indicated in transcription by a dot underneath the sound symbols for their none emphatic counterparts; thus. None emphatics. Emphatics. S 3 Ṣ d Λ vö 3 d t b t .. dh ظ. Z. Nsaif سَيف. A sword dair A covert figs submissive dhalil دَيْر tin تين ذَلِيلٌ سيف saif صيف dair ضير tin طين summ er. Harm. Mud. Jus zalil shady ((s) as in the English word see vs. (s) as in saw or salt. 66

7 دير > (d) as in the English word deer vs. ss (d) as in doll. But as it has been explained earlier, sound of 66 > " is much softer and more dental than that of the. English "d" رتين ت (t) as in the English word tea vs cib - b (t) as in talk.. Ja (dh) as in the English word this vs. Jubb (2) as in those.. The short vowels ( ✓ ✓ harakāt) حركات .kasrah كَسْرَة dammah ضَمَّهُ fathah فتحة 1. Fathah: A raised hyphen placed over the pertinent consonant, thus ✓ is called fathah the sound symbol for it is "a" and its nearest correspondent in English is the vowel sound in the word rush. In Arabic it will be written as and its transliteration is rash. رش 2. dammah: A mark - written over the pertinent consonant is called ḍammah. The

00 8 sound symbol for it is u and its nearest correspondent in English is the vowel sound in word huk. The word bush; In Arabic will be written as ✓✓, and its transliteration is bush 3. kasrah: A hyphen that is placed below the pertinent consonant is called kasrah. The sound symbol for it is i and its nearest correspondent in English is the vowel sound in the word thick. In Arabic will be written as ✓ and its transliteration is thik. is 4. sukūn: when a consonant pronounced without any vowel mark the absence of the vowel is indicated by the sign ✓ placed over the pertinent consonant is called sukūn long vowels ( ✗✓ huruf madd) 1. ) = ā _ ā its nearest corresponding sound in English is the vowel in word far; in. Arabic it will be written as فار its

9 transliteration is fār. Word harsh; in Arabic هارش will be written as و 2. ŷ 2 =ū its nearest corresponding sound in English is in the word shoe, in Arabic it will be written as 3 ; its transliteration is shū.. The word cool in Arabic will be written as كول 3. G سو =ī Its nearest corresponding sound in English is in the word she, in Arabic it will be written as its transliteration is shī.. The word scene in Arabic will be written سين as

10. Pliable letters. حُرُوف لين ي huruf līn. When 9 (waw) or ✓ (yā) is preceded by the vowel mark ✓ fathah, sound is prolonged softly, consequently the sound will yield and will make a half circle 3+ 4 transliteration it is bau, transliteration is bai. بو in 3. in. It is an obligation for a believer to recite the. Holy Quran in five obligatory prayers and in. Tahajjud (night) prayer. So he is bound to recite the Holy Quran in its Arabic text.. Following is the series of lessons with exercises. Read them, practice them.. Transliteration is not given in the exercises so that you may concentrate on learning directly from the Arabic text.. May Allah the Almighty help you.

11. LESSON1. THE ARABIC ALPHABET WITH. THEIR PRONUNCIATION. N. て で ]. :] khā hā jīm thā tā 3 "3 ش ṣād shin ق. G; 3 bā $ 1 hamzah 'alif ذ ر ز د sīn zā rā dhāl dāl غ ف ض ط ظ ع غ qāf fā ghain 'ain zā tā ḍād و هي ل 可. Yā hā wāw nun mīm lām kāf 1. EXERCISE ☐ 9 1 'alif hamzah 'alif hamzah hamzah 'alif 'alif ୪ ء 1 8 & α hā hamzah 'alif hā hamzah hā hā

12 ع て こ ع て ع. E 'ain hā hā 'ain hā 'ain 'ain غ خ خ. Khā khā ghain khā غ ghain ghain hā 1 て غ غ خ ع ghai hamzah 'alif hā ghain 'ain khā n غ خ ق ق て ه ع qāf qāf khā ghain hā 'ain الله س "3 で ك ك ج ك | ق shin jīm jīm kāf kāf ش "3 shin .3 ض ي ي yā ض 8. で ش *3 shin yā jīm ی ق ج ḍād ḍād yā. Jim .3 ض ي ك 6: ق qāf kāf ش *3 で shin jim ي ك qāf kāf yā 8. ش *3. G: ق. Kāf yā ḍād qāf ḍād shin qāf

そ 13 ୪ 1 hamzah 'alif khā ghain hā 'ain hā ل ش ي ل ل で lām nūn lām lām yā shīn jīm ل ر ر ว nūn rā lām rā rā nún nūn b b ر 0 ض ل .3 tā tā rā ทนิท lām ḍād rā > د د b > dāl tā tā dāl dāl tā dāl bb د b b zā zā tā dāl tā tā tā ம் b b b zā zā tā dāl tā 100 b tā tā تْ ذ ث s ظ 15. ذ. Thā dhāl thā dhāl dhāl za dhāl

14. TE. DX 1 ض *] hā 'ain hā hamzah ,alif ḍād thā .3 ظ ض s b ض 8. b. Thā dād zā dhāl zā ḍād zā. Y: 10 ي ش "3 で ق ك そ ع shin jīm kāf qāf khā ghin > b ر ل ض .3 tā dāl tā rā nūn lām dād س ز j ; 5 ظ zā sīn zā zā thā dhāl zā صر 3 ص ز 3 3 zā ṣād Ṣād zā ṣād sīn sīn. J ف 6. 3 س wāw fā wāw fā. Fā ṣād sin ]. ]. و mīm bā bā mīm mīm bä waw

ل 15 ]. و 6. lām nūn mīm bā wāw fā mim ع ش د て ي (: غ خ .3 ض ل ذ ظ. J. (" ف و 6. て で 8 で b ء 可 ز س 1 1 ق. G: ن *] 1 خ ذ ر ز 3 *3 6: 8 ق .35] ض b ظ ع ع 6. ك ل. D; ی. C و لا

16. LESSON 2. ARABIC LETTERS. IN COMPOUND FORM. In this lesson you will learn how the Arabic letters may change their shapes when written in a combined form. Observing a letter's initial, medial and final position you can easily understand the different modified forms of a letter. As far as reading is concerned, you should pronounce them one by one as you did in the previous lesson. kinds.. Sound wise the Arabic letters are of two 1. Letters those are light in voice. 2. Letters those are heavy in voice.. For example has a light voice like s in. English word seen, while has a heavy voice like s in English word salt. Letters that have heavy voice are 5.b.b,.,st. Arabic letter ✓ is pronounced mostly as heavy one but sometimes it is pronounced light in Arabic words. While reading Arabic alphabet > will be pronounced heavy.. Letters other than these 8 should be pronounced carefully light in voice.

ا 17. EXERCISE ـه ئه عع هع. Hamzah hā 'ain 'ain 'ain hā hā ha 'alif 'alif hä hā هع هع هم خا خه هغ :2 hā ghain ghain ghain hā khā khā hā khā 'alif hā hā hā 'ain خر عا قخ حق عق حك کا قك غق كع که كق قج جش ئهعحغة قك حتى ضك جض صل بصر لا كل کا لى في لا لل ا عا ئن ني ضن ثر هن لر شا

18 ها ئهعحنخا تکجشيصلنر طه يد عر به خط شط عد طن قط حط طل طر طن ند لت تد ید $] ته ୪ تة 8 خة هة تي يت کد ظة g ضة تل لة ظي شظ هظ ضظ هذ عن ظر عد

19. LESSON 3.. THE VOWEL MARKS. (✓✓ harakāt) * حركات. There are three vowel marks in Arabic.. They are used above or under a letter to change its sound in a certain way. This will be explained later. In this lesson you should learn that diacritical mark ✓ is named fathah, mark _ is named and mark is called dammah ضَمَّه kasrah كسره. EXERCISE kasrah. Kasrah dammah fathah dammah fathah 7 kasrah fathah kasrah fathah dammah fathah. Fathah dammah kasrah fathah ḍammah dammah. Fatḥah. Kasrah ḍammah fatḥah dammah fathah

w. 20. LESSON 4.. LETTERS WITH VOWEL MARKS. (mutaharrik huruf متحرك حروف ). In the previous lesson you learnt to recognize the Arabic vowel marks. In Arabic a letter bearing the vowel mark is called mutaḥarrik. Now you will learn about certain sounds of Arabic letters being modified by vowel marks. 26 fathah To pronounce a letter حه bearing fathah the mouth should be opened but the letter should be utter in a very short form. For instance =ba as if you were uttering English word but without t = . das dammah. To pronounce a letter with ḍammah, lips should be round shaped and the letter should be uttered in a very short form, as if you were uttering the. English word bush without sh = & 8 kasrah. To pronounce a letter with kasrah the voice should be stretched downward and should be short. = bi as if you were uttering English word bit without t ミ

21. Note: The letter 'alif with any diacritical mark is no more 'alif, it becomes hamzah. So with any diacritical mark the sound of 'alif and hamzah is the same.. EXERCISE (a). Note: Letters with fathah will be uttered by opening the mouth and voice will be short.. So is like English word but without t. ¿ ¿ Ê ŕ ś É 1881 て kha ha gha ha 'a. La 'a ha 'a 'a جَ قَ خَاكَ قَ كَ شَ جَ ضَ يَ لَ لَ رَ نَ ن ط وَادَ طَاتَ دَ ظَ تَ ظَ ذ ثَ 1 ذَا زَ 色 سَ ذَ صَ سَ ، صَ وَ فَ بَ وَ مَـ. Ma

22. EXERCISE (b). Note: Letters with ḍammah will be uttered by round shaped lips and voice will be short.. So is like English word bush without sh khu ghu hu hu 'u $3 [b] 'u hu 'u ق ج ن ط ظت ذ ظ ص 93 نُ 13. Cit غ ၅ شُ ضُ رُ دُ ا ط b "3 ن بم

23. EXERCISE (c). Note: Letters with kasrah will be stretched downward and should be short. So like English word bit without t. is hi ghi 'i hi hi ل ائر. IL ف ص 3' ع hi خ ك ق ج خ غ ق ی : ات ض ي ل .3. 10 ل س ز ص الو ف ب و م ب ط

24. LESSON 5. LETTERS WITH. MIXED VOWEL MARKS. While practicing this lesson, utterance should be short and quick. Read only one letter at a time, you should stop after uttering every letter so that you have control over your breath.. It will help you to utter the words correctly in the coming lessons.. EXERCISE ια hi hu ha 'a 'U. J 1 'i 'a ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤ حَ عَ. W الله السلام خ خ خ ق ق ق كَ كِ كُ شُ ك ج ج ج ش

25 ضَ ضِ دُدَ ءَ ضُ لِ لُ لَ ط ط ط دُ ظ ظ ظ ظُنُ 小 ثَتْ زُ زَ : い 3 介 سَ سُ صَ مِ صُ فِ نُ نُ وُ و و. Joi ۹۱ مام ว. LESSON 6. READING TWO LETTERS AT A TIME. In the previous lesson you learnt to read. Arabic letters with ḥarakāt (short vowels) one by one. In this lesson two letters are given with harakāt in combine form. Now you have to pronounce both of them at a time, both of them should be uttered equally. Please read

26 both of them constantly so that you may gain. fluency in your uttering. Please bear in mind, in reading two letters constantly their sounds should not be mixed up.. For example is la'u, sound of hamzah should not be mixed up with the sound of lam; not "lau". should be read as la'u ئق. EXERCISE اب اب 'aqu 'iqa 'ibi ' ubu 'aba ئق قا لأ جا جُاِ هم هم مَهُ تِهَ 3 هة بَهُ ية به هُوَ بهِ بَةٌ عَفَ شُعٍ عُفِ شَعُ حو حَوَ شَعُ حُوَ

27 عَنَ ظَعْ عِن طِغَ خُطِ في خر رَحُ قَل كل قل ركا صُقَ صَقٍ صِقُ ضَكَ ضَكِ ضِكُ جا نَجِ جا جُتْ شُعٍ شِعَ نَش ريني يُخ رتى رني ضَعَ لصَّ ضَك كض كُلِ لا لا عَنِ نِد تا بَرَ فُرِ رَوَ اد طَلَ

ال 28 هُطِ طَبَ هط رَذَ يد رِدُ عِدِ حَتِ قط خط شَةٍ تث سة رکت كِتُ ظَرَ يط ظا يظُ لد تُذِ بَتِ غِدُ 2 3 3 زد رز خِسَ صُنُ سَع خِسَ عُصَ صَرُ صح اَفَ لُفِ فَا عِفْ عِفْ عُفـ عُفْ وَلَ يو دو وذَ آپ ئب بَبٍ بة مذٍ حِمَ مع ية

29. LESSON 7. READING THREE LETTERS TOGETHER. Here are Arabic words consisting of three letters. While reading a word, try to pronounce each of its letters in its proper sound, keeping in mind that the letter is to be either light or heavy in voice, as you have learnt in lesson 2.. Practice uttering all the three letters constantly, to gain fluency in your utterance.. But the sound of one letter should not be mixed up with that of the other. For instance word should be read sami'a. If you read it as samia you will be mixing up the sound of the letter with its preceding letter, so read every letter separately but without pausing in between so that the complete word might be uttered fluently.. EXERCISE فعل فعل فعِل فُعِل fu'ila fi'ili fu'ulu fa'ala سَمِعَ سُمِعَ جَمَعَ جُمِعَ

30 مُكث آمد حَمِدَ حُمِدَ مَلاً مُلاَ امد عرض عُرِضَ يَدَدِ مَعَكَ ارم نُفِخَ بَرِقَ خَسَفَ مَئِد ذُكِرَ ذَكَرَ قَتَلَ قُتِل سَالَ سُال يكا نكا كلا كِلِلِ فِئَةٌ اَجَل رّجُلُ نَذَرَ تُدِر رَحِمَ رُحِمَ تَعِدُ نُعِدُ لِكَةٌ

31 دبد رَضِيَ وَهِيَ وَهُوَ بَقر مَحَقَ صَعِقَ عَلِمٌ رزْقَ حَسِبَ قَلَمَ مَلا يلا للا كفر آمَةٌ سُقِطَ مَله رَهَبَ رَغِبَ كَرُمَ وَصَفَ يَصِفُ وَهَبَ يَهَبُ وَزَنَ يَزِنُ زِنَةٌ مَرِضَ مَلِكُ وَلي جَذَبَ فَلَقِ خَلَقَ رَطَبٌ صَدَم

32 قَبَرُ بَطَلَ رُزْقَ طَعِم رَمَرُ زُمْرُ سِنَةٌ اَخَذَ شَفِعَ قَرَعَ طَرَقَ لَعِقَ عَلَقٍ عِدَةٌ لَعِبَ صِفَةٌ صُبغَ لَغُبَ غَلَبٌ حَتَم وَبُلَ هَطَلَ صَرَفٌ سَلَطَ مقت مَنَحَ هَمَزَ هَمَزَ رُحِمَ رَافَ جُلِدَ شَهِدَ زَبَدُ بَشَرَ وَزَرَ عَبَسَ بَسَرَ

33 كُتِبَ كُتُبُ أمد وُعِد عَظُمَ وُعِظَ عِظَةٌ كَثرَ نَحَدَ وَقَبَ عُقَدِ مَلِكُ صَدَرَ طَبَةً خَطَبَ سُرِقَ كبر نُفِظَ لفظ رقب وَسَقَ ثِقَةٌ حُمُرُ عُفِي حَسِبَ شُفِيَ

34. LESSON 8. JOINING A VOWEL BEARING. LETTER TO A QUIESCENT ONE. In Arabic mark ✰ is called sukūn. It literally means calm or quiescence and the letter bearing quiescence mark is called säkin that is quiescent.. So when you join a letter with a quiescent one, settle the voice on the quiescent, then it will be pronounced correctly. For example in the word if you settle nun 0 on the quiescent ainε it might be read, otherwise ‘ain would be converted to 'alif 1 and the word would be تَابُدُ read as nābudu which is obviously wrong. So if you want to read a sākin (quiescent) letter correctly, settle the voice on it. Please make sure, that while settling the voice on quiescent the letter should not shake nor should the sound take much time.. EXERCISE جَنْ تَنْ ذَنْ ام لَمْ. Dhan. Tan jan sam lam 'am

35 بَلْ مَنْ تَلْ جَتْ حَث مَتْ. Mat hat jat tal mal bal قَتْ فَتْ فَهُ فة مَهُ سَهُ بَهُ ته تث شخ مع شا ظَكَ تَكُ شَكْ سُلْ سع شُهُ شُـ مت قُلْ كُنْ تم رخ رُكُ يُفْ اِفْ ام الى مل مر مش شن رُءُ اثْ ضًا رُغ عن

36. LESSON 9. SHAKY QUIESCENT LETTERS ق ط ب ج د. The fundamental thing about quiescent (sākin) letters is that the voice should be settled on them and shaking should be avoided in their utterance. But there are five letters when they are quiescent sākin, are slightly shaken so that they can be uttered correctly and softly. For instance to read the word hab, when you utter your lips will be closed, if you open the lips just before the ending of the voice, it will shake in utterance. Please bear in mind, shaky letters would be read softly and they should be saved from hardness while uttering.. EXERCISE نَطُ بَط راط زَقُ ذُقُ 'it bat nuţ. Maq dhuq zaq عج آپ اب اُبْ حَج جُدُ اُقُ اَظ اخر رج دُدُ اَقُ دُو اَقُ اُظ آج آج قد

37. LESSON 10.. A MIXED EXERCISE OF SHAKY AND. UNSHAKEN LETTERS. As you have learnt, the fundamental rule about sakin (quiescent) letters is that the voice is settled on them and the voice should not shake while they are uttered. Only five letters 346 slightly shake to utter softly and correctly. You have exercised both of these categories separately. Now they are given in a mixed form. Please, read them cautiously keeping in mind the difference among them.. EXERCISE بَد قُلْ كَبْ نِم رَبْ سر. Sun rab nim kab qul bal سج مة قط صَفْ. A حَدُ '3° حظ مَنْ وة خَبْ رق

38 اَبْرِمُ مَغْرِب مَشْرِقُ اِنْحَتْ مُدير قِبْلَة مَسْجِدُ مَجْلِسُ يَسْتَهُ اِطْعَمُ اُمْدُدُ اِضْرِبُ اِقْرَءُ أَمْسِكْ اعْبُدُ اِجْلِسُ تَغْفِرُ نَشْرَحْ صَدْرَكُ إِرْحَمُ. LESSON 11. REVISION OF THE RULES TAUGHT. IN PREVIOUS LESONS.. In the following exercise, all the rules. are being used which you have learnt in previous lessons.. While practicing this lesson, try to pronounce Arabic letters cautiously and distinctly with their proper sounds. Letters heavy or light in sound should be regarded, shaky and un-shaken quiescent letters should be observed. Letters with harakāt (short vowels) should be read clearly but should be kept short. Do try to read a word or two if

39 written together constantly to gain fluency in reading.. EXERCISE 13. لِمَ حَد فخ مع magh fukhi lima. Sub. Subu had كُلِ وه يه يه جلْ جُلْ لَتْ كتُ لَتْ بَمْ سُرُ مِمْ لاَ ا تا شَا هَبْ بِثَ يل خِرَ صَرُ ذُق سَقَ عَظ تَبَ طَبْ حَط صِفُ شِيَ غَط رَتْ لِزْ خَبْ ضحُ فِي سُجُ قُلْ قُلْ غِزَ عُد

40 آمَنُ كَفَرَ فِسْقُ قَلَمُ صَمَدُ كَرَمْ عِجْلَ حِجَج فُتِحَ فَهِيَ اَخْرَجَ فَعَلْنَ خَرَجْنَ أَظْلَمَ فَاخْرَجَ يَحْسَبُ الْحَمْدُ كَمْ لَبِثْتَ سَنُقْرِئُكَ تَفْتَا تَذْكُرُ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ سَنة اِسْتَغْفِرُ اَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدَرَكَ. LESSON 12. LETTERS OF PROLONGATION (LONG VOWELS) fathah' 'alif preceded by fathah 1+, wāw preceded by ḍammah 2+2 and yā preceded by kasrah + are letters of prolongation.. They stretch the sound of preceding letters.. In Arabic the word madd ✓ expresses the meaning of stretching so these three are named huruf madd (6,3,1) after their character or quality.

41. For example ba bu, ي . قو ا methodically followed by read long. They will become بو bu با bi will be bā, ✓ bī. In transliteration sign "-" is used over the symbol of short vowel. You must pronounce them long; otherwise you will be lessening a letter. For example if you with short sound as bu, read the word you will drop from it. So you must pronounce it long as bū. عا عُد في أو اي هو 100 די hū هي ها و. عو عي حا حي حو غا عي خي فَا قا فى تو كي گا كُو جا رجي شا می باد

42 شي يو ضَا ضو لا يي ضي لي في. A نَا تو رتي رُو را طو طا طى دي دًا دو تي تا تُو ظي ظَا ظو ذا دو ذي ثا را و زي سا سو سي حي صَا صُو فو في وو وا وى لا بي لا في مو

راق 43 و و روم آيا قال الا qāla 'abā rūmu rāqa 'alā زَادَ كَمَا طال إذَا دِينُ جَادَ رِيحِ بَالَ رُورٌ بلا يين كَانَ فَذُو فَمَا. Gei يكا تقي جِيْدِ نُوْحُ قِيْلَ طور بَنِي لَذُو نَسِي بِمَا عفو مَاتَ رَحِي قَوْمِ تُقَا | فِيْكَ جَذَا ذَاقَ كَرِي هَاتِ جود عَادَ دُونَ طَالُوتُ جَالُوتَ هَارُونَ بِبَابِلَ هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ

44. LESSON 13. PLIABLE LETTERS (huruf lin) is preceded by ي و في. If the quiescent fatḥah ✓ the preceding letter will be uttered and sound will travel softly over or below the following letter; consequently the sound will yield and will make curve from 3 ہو = بَ + ; over or below the letter. For example bai as ي = بي تو is tai bau as in the English word bowl without I.. And is tau thau in English word by so is tai is thai.. Now as you have seen the character of 95 is different when preceded by fatḥah as compared to their character when preceded by dammah 2 and kasrah.. So they are now pliable letters (huruf līn) instead of letters of prolongation (huruf madd). As for time, huruf madd and huruf lin are equal, only in shape their sound is different.. EXERCISE تو تي تو في يو بي. Thai | thau. Tai tau اتي أو bai bau 'ai 'au رَوْ زَيْ عَو عي حو كي قوْ رَى دي سَي تو تي سو سي

فَوْرُ غَيْبِ 45 حيْتُ يين ريب raiba. Yaini haithu ghaibi fauzu خَيْطُ دَورُ خَوْنَ خَيْطُ كيف ذوق رَيْتُ كَيْفَ روحُ دَيْتُ زَوْحُ فَوْقَ. LESSON 14.. MIXED EXERCISE OF LONG VOWELS. AND PLIABLE LETTERS.. You have learnt long vowels ḥurūf madd and pliable letters huruf līn, now both are presented together. Remember that time wise they are equal; while shape wise their sound is different. Please note that if a letter is without a long vowel it should be read short.. EXERCISE. A با بو رو ربي ري rai bi rau bū bā. Tū

تا 46 the be صو دَي وي تي ها ثي ثا هي مو رَانَ قَوْلُ عَوْرَ لُوطُ اَيْنَ اَخي "akhī 'aina lūtu qaulu 'aura rāna مَوْحُ قِيْلَ عِشَا نُورُ مَوْتَ رَاحَ هُمَا نَسُو رَاَوُ نَسِي طِيْلَ بَيْنَ فِيهِ فَلَا فَوْم صَوْمُ رُمُو بَاتَ لِدُو ذَوِي جَارُ عَدَا ضَيْفُ قَوْمُ لِدُو دَعَوْ بَيْضَ بَغَو غِشَا زَيْتُ فَوْقَ قولاً أوتو

47. LESSON 15 A. Revision of the rules used in all previous lessons.. In this lesson Arabic words have been arranged in a particular order, if you practice on them repeatedly, you will certainly get more accuracy and fluency in utterance.. While practicing the lesson please be careful in pronouncing Arabic letters accurately. Letters with short vowels fathah, ḍammah, kasrah, should be uttered clear but short in voice. Quiescent letters (bearing sukūn) should be read clearly. Shaky and unshaken quiescent letters should be observed. Try to read a word without breaking. If two or three words are written together, please try to read them at a time, go on practicing until you get this capability.. EXERCISE اعود مُلوكُ نَسُوهُ أُمُورُ 'a 'ūdhu 'umūru. Nasūhu mulūku رُورُ يَقُولُ غرَم 35 يُوسُفَ أوتي

48 أورتي تُخْفِي وجوه ود و تفور املي دموع تَجْرِي فَرَاغ ووو نجوم بَيْنِي مَكَانَ يَكُونُ يَدَيْهِ مِيثَاقَ مِيثَاقَ صُدُورِ أَيْمَانُ تَهْوِي اَيْدِيكُمْ أُوحِيَ اِلَيْكَ تَبْتَغِي بَيْنَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ لِيُضِيعَ اَبَوَيْهِ تُوْحِيهِ زَوْجَيْنِ تَبِعَنِي نُورُهُمْ يَدُرُونَ مَوْعُودٍ تَدْعُونَ تَحْيَوْنَ مَغْضُوبِ سَمِعْنَا سَمِعْنَا فِرْعَوْنَ صَالِحُونَ رَازِقِينَ يَسْتَوْفُونَ يُفْسِدُونَ تَرَوْنَهُمْ لِلْخُرُوج حُسْنَيَيْنِ يَهْجَعُونَ

49 افَحَبِيْنَا قُلْنَ اوذِيْنَا أَقِمْنَ تَسْئَلُ يَسْتَمُون رُؤُوسِ يَتُودُ مُسْتَهْزِعُونَ لَا تَرْتَابُو يَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ يَسومُونَكُمْ سَمِعْنَا أطَعْنَا سَتَجِدُنِي بَيْنَنَا يَأْتِيهِ وَضَعْنَا اغْفِرْلَنَا لا تُخَاطِبْنِي لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا لا طَاقَةَ لَنَا ارْحَمْنَا يَأْذَن قَرْنَ تَأْتُونِي لَا تَخْضَعْنَ تَأْوِيلُ وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ جِئْنَا بَارِئِكُمْ اَطِعْنَ اَخَذْنَا لَايَاتِينَ بِئْسَ لَا يَعْصِينَكَ قَرَاتٌ آبَيْنَ امْتَلَنتِ وَ اَقْرَرْتُم يَأفِكُونَ وَآمُرُ رُؤْيَاكَ

50 وَأتُونِي يَأْمُرُ تَزْدَادُونَ مَاكِثِينَ مُهْطِعِينَ مُقْنِعِي رُؤُوسِهِمْ تَمْيَلِدُ وَلَمْ يُولَدُ هَلْ يَسْمَعُونَكُمْ إِذْ تَدْعُونَ. LESSON 15 B. An extra, but necessary exercise to refine the pronunciation.. In Arabic, two quiescent letters do not usually gather in one word, so you will seldom see tow letters written together with sukūn (quiescence). But as for as reading is concerned, you will often have to read two letters with sukun in the end of last words in a sentence. Since it occurs practically, such words have been included in the exercise in written form though they are usually written with ḥarakāt on their ending letter.

51 مُلْكُ مَلَكُ مِنكَ مَلِكُ صَبْرُ sabr malik milk malak mulk كَرَمْ صِدْقُ عِلْمُ قَلَمُ اَجْرُ سَفَرٌ حَمْدُ بَلَدُ مِثْلُ عَجَبْ مكر اُمَم لَهُو مَرَضٌ يَحْرُ قَمَرُ ضَرْبٌ عُشر غَضَبْ يُسْر نَفْسٌ عَرُضٌ حَجَرُ فَجُرُ مِصْرُ بَصَرُ رِزْقُ ذِكْرُ كُفْرُ أَمْرُ قَوْمُ حِجْرُ كَبْرُ فَوْر فَوْرُ شَمْسُ إصْرُ دَوْقَ فُلْكُ فُلْكُ يَوْمُ بَرْقُ

52 صَوْمٌ قَبْلُ عَوْن صَخَرُ فِيه مَثْوَايَ حَسَنَهُ شَانٌ بَعْدَهُ حَمِدَهُ. LESSON 16.. Representative marks for long vowels.. You have learnt in lesson 12 that ✓,3,1 are letters of prolongation ḥurūf madd they prolong or stretch the preceding sound.. Sometimes a sound is prolonged without them. In this case the shape of the short vowel marks is changed. The mark of fatḥah is written vertical instead of cross wise, thus 1 + simple fatḥah and 'alif is ✓ and ✓ is ✓ bā. The mark of ḍammah is written ring shaped from lower side instead of upper side, thus + simple ḍammah and wāw is and is bū. The mark of kasrah is written vertical instead of crosswise, thus simple kasrah and yā is . and ✓ is bi. T 6 پ so _, , T are representatives of long vowels and they are named methodically فَتْحه اشباعيّة fathan 'ishba iyyah '

53 ضَمَّهُ إِشْبَاعِيَّة dammah ishba iyyah كشرة إشباعية kasrah ishba iyyah. Note: اشباع ، ishba 6 means to render the sound full. So when fatḥah, ḍammah and kasrah work like long vowels, their shapes are different and they are called fatḥah 'ishbā 'iyyah, dammah 'ishba iyyah and kasrah 'ishbā 'iyyah after their character or quality.. EXERCISE 6 6 فيه ادم امَنَ فَرَضْتُهَا faraḍnāhā 'āmana 'ādama مَارِبُ كتُبُ سَمَوتِ اذنِهِمْ لِلْكَفِرِينَ سُبْحَنَكَ fihi مُلِك

54 الفهم خطيكُمْ يُدَاود عبدَات ابرهم تُرْزَقَنِهِ نُورِهِ بَعْدِه سُبُحْنَهُ مَوْعَدَة بِمُزَحْرِحِهِ كَلِمَتُهُ | سُبُحْنَهُ وَوَّرِي قراتَهُ تَابِجَانِبِهِ يَسْتَوْنَ. LESSON 17.. Adjacent letters in sound. Accuracy in pronunciation of letters has a great importance in Arabic. Each of the 28 letters of Arabic consonants has its own distinct sound. You can improve skill in pronouncing Arabic letters in two ways. 1. You go on reading Arabic letters as you read English alphabet. 2. You read Arabic letters with sukūn (quiescence). About quiescent letters you have learnt that the voice is settled on them.. When you settle the voice, you will be able to pronounce them better. Here is an

55 opportunity for you to practice adjacent. Arabic letters in both ways.. EXERCISE الِم تَألم ١٠ ta'lam hamzah 'ālim 'ā عَالِم تَعْلَمُ تارِث اثرُكْ ع عا ت ما وا طَاهِرُ أطْهَرُ ثا ثاني مَثْنى سا ساکن أشكن صَابِرُ اصْبِرُ حَاكِمُ احْكُمْ هَادِي اهْدِ لا حا ها b 03 3 3 て

د دا ض. Vil ز را کا وا 56 اَدْرِي دار ضَامِرُ اضْعَفْ ذَاكِر أذكر زَاجِرُ ازْجُرُ ظَالِمُ أَظْلَمُ. G: ق قا اَقْدَرُ قَادِرُ گا كَامِل أَكْمَلْ. LESSON 18. Tanwin (nunation or suffix 'n')in a noun_. Sometimes Arabic words have double diacritical mark in the ending letter that is 2 tanwin as تنوين called one of this double mark is a short vowel and the other one represents a sākin nun ✿ For baqaratan بَقَرَتَن is بَقَرَة example word و safarin سَفَرِ is سَفَرٍ maradun مَرَضٌن Is مَرَضٌ

57. We will name this pronouncing nun, nūn of سَفَرٍ , مَرَضٌ بَقَرَةً nunation. So in the words. Suffix n is nūn of nunation.. EXERCISE جَهْرَةً عُمْيُّ و رووس رعوف ra'ūfun ru'ūsun 'umyun jahratan امور عَادٍ الُوتُ غِشَاوَةٌ وو فَاكِهَةٍ رُجُوم نَاعِمَةٌ كُتب بَاسِرَةٌ نَافِلَةٌ نَاضِرَةٌ ضَامِرٍ مَعْلُومَتَ ظَالِمَةٌ لَكَبِيرَةُ خَاوِيَةٌ سُللَةٍ - عَلَقَةً - لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ مَتَاعُ الى حِينِ - لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهَا شَفَاعَةٌ وَلَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهَا عَدْلُ - إصْفَحُ عَنْهُمْ وَقُل سَلم - لَا يُصِيبُهُمْ ظَمَا وَلَا نَصَبٌ

58. LESSON 19. Clarity in utterance of quiescent nūn and nunation. Quiescent nun ✰ and nunation ،ވ (suffix n). Is read in several ways. The following letter of the nun specifies the way to read it. It means that there are some categories of letters relating to the pronunciation of quiescent nun.. One of them is >, 8, ε, Z, E, Z 6. These six letters are uttered from a halq that is gullet. So they are called huruf halqi (letters of gullet). If any of these occurs after quiescent nun or nunation the nun will be pronounced overt and apparent in voice. This way of pronouncing nun is called izhar اظهار that is clarity of quiescent nun in voice.. To pronounce nun by clarity, voice will be setteled on the nun but it will not take much time nor nun should be shaken.. Exceptions: بنْيَانُ sinwanun مِنْوَان qinwanun قِنْوَان bunyānun دنْيَا dunyā are the

59 words though quiescent nun is followed by wāw and yā even though these are not from letters of gullet, yet nun will be read clearly in these words.. EXERCISE انْصَمْتَ 'an 'amta من عِلمٍ اِن خِفْتُمْ min'ilmin 'inkhiftum ذكر او ان حِسَابُهُمْ فِي حَدِيثِ غَيْرِهِ عَذَابُ الِيمُ اجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ قَتَل مُؤْمِنَّا خَطَاً يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ يَنْتَونَ عَنْهُ وَإِن اَسَاتُمْ - لَئِنْ اُخْرِجْتُمْ - مَنْ آمَنَ مِنْهُمْ ذلِكَ مِنْ آيَتٍ - وَلَمُلِثْتَ مِنْهُمْ - مَن أمَنَ وَعَمِلَ لَهُ مِنْ اَمْرِنَا - مَنْ أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ - فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٌ - فَسَتَعْلَمُونَ مَنْ هُوَ -

60 60. LESSON 20. Suppression in nun and nunation. One of the several methods pronouncing nun ✰ and nunation 15 that is clarity in its utterance. 'izhār of 낭..! is. You pronounce the nun clearly and apparently when it is followed by letters of gullet s r E z Ě Č. An other mathod for pronouncing nun is called 'ikhfā,that is suppression in nun. You have to know the answers to two questions in this context. 1. 2.. When is nūn read with the method of suppression?. What is the method of uttering nūn with 'ikhfā?. Ans. 1 You exclude six letters of gullet >,8 ε z ε ŕ plus six letters in the word 63 from 28 Arabic letters. If the sākin nun or nunation is followed by any of the remaining 16 letters it will be read with 'ikhfāl. Note: About the category of you will learn later. Here you can say briefly that if any letter, except six letters of gullet follows

61 sākin nun or nunation it is read with the اخفاء method of 'ikhfa. Ans. 2 The method to read the quiescent nun and nunation with ) suppression, settle the voice on the nun, prolong the voice on it thus the nun will be read softly and long.. This is 'ikhfā or suppression in nun. In exercise sign is given underneath the nun to indicate the prolongation of the settling voice on it.. Note: Out of remaining 16 letters in the context of nun or nunation is a special case. Some of the experts read the nun with ikhfā when it is followed by → (dhanbun. But most of them convert the nun to mīm when it is followed by is ب ذَنْبٌ thus that's why when nun and nunation ' small mīm is written over nun and nunation. So the word 233 is ب is followed by شقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ dhambun) ذَنْبٌ شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ shiqaqimba'idin شقاق written as is written as in case of convertion In case of converting nun to mīm the voice will be prolonged on mīm.

62. EXERCISE ان كه قويا صَلِحِيْنَ إِن كُنتُمْ قَوْمًا صَلِحِينَ in kuntum qauman Ṣāliḥīna QaumanṢāliḥīna 'in kuntum اِن تَعْجَبْ - فَعَجَبٌ قَوْلُهُمْ - إِن تَعْجَبْ فَعَجَبٌ قَوْلُهُمْ اذْهَبْ اَنتَ وَاخْوَكَ بِايَتِي - وَلَا تَنِيَا فِي ذِكْرِي اِذْهَبْ اَنتَ - وَاَخُوثَ بِايَتِي - وَلَا تَنْيَا فِي ذِكْرِي اِذْهَبْ اَنْتَ وَاَخُوكَ بِايْتِي وَلَا تَنِيَا فِي ذِكْرِي قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ - سُنَنٌ فَسِيرُو قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ سُنَنٌ فَسِيرُو انْذَرْتَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تُنذِرْهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ .

63. LESSON 21. Collective practice of the rules leant formerly. While practicing this lesson, letters in a word should be continuously uttered with their distinct sound. Letters with harakāt should be clear in utterance but short in voice. In the case of quiescent letters, shaky and unshaken letters should be observed.. Letters of prolongation (huruf madd 51) and their representatives (✓✓ ) should be equally prolonged in sound. Pliable letters be stretched should - ي - و huruf lin softly and with rounding voice as C-T bau and bai, in quiescent nun and nunantion clarity and suppression should be observed. Practice to read constantly to acquire fluency in recitation.. EXERCISE ذلِكَ اركى لَكُم dhālika 'azkālakum ذلِكَ - اركى لكم 'azkālakum dhālika لِمَ تَقُولُونَ - مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ - لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ

64 قَدْ أُوتِيتَ - سُؤلَكَ يَمُوسى قَدْرُ وتِيْتَ سُؤلَكَ يَمُوسى - اَلْيَوْمَ الْمَنْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ . وَ اَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي الْيَوْمَ اعْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَاَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي - فَا كَلاَ مِنْهَا . فَبَدَتْ لَهُمَا سَواتُهُمَا - فَاَ كَلَا مِنْهَا فَبَدَتْ لَهُمَا سَواتُهُمَا - يَعْلَمُ . مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ - يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ لِمَ تَعْبُدُ - مَالَا يَسْمَهُ - وَلَا يُبْصِرُ - لِمَ تَعْبُدُ مَا لَا يَسْمَعُ وَلَا يُبْصِرُ - وَ اِذَا مَرِضْتُ فَهُوَ يَشْفِينِ . وَإِذَا مَرِضْتُ فَهُوَ يَشْفِينِ . ان احسنتُمْ - أَحْسَبْتُمْ لا يُفُسِكُمْ -

65 اِن اَحْسَنتُمْ أَحْسَبْتُمْ لِاَنْفُسِكُمْ وَإِن سَأْتُمْ فَلَهَا - اِنْ اَحْسَتُتُمْ اَحْسَنتُمْ لاَنْفُسِكُمْ - وَإِنْ اَسَاتُم فَلَهَا . اِنْ اَحْسَبْتُمْ أَحْسَنْتُمْ لِاَنْفُسِكُمْ وَإِنْ اَسَاتُمْ فَلَهَا - مُهْطِعِينَ - مُقْنِعِي رُءُوسِهِمْ مُهْطِعِينَ مُقْنِعِي رُءُوسِهِمْ - وَاَنْذَرْتَهُم اَمُ لَمْ تُنْذِرُهُمْ - وَاَنْذَرْتَهُمُ امْلَمْ تُنذِرْهُمْ اذْهَبْ اَنتَ - وَاَخُوكَ بِايْتِي - وَلَا تَنِيَا فِي ذِكرِي اذْهَبُ اَنْتَ وَاخُوكَ بِايْتِي - وَلَا تَنِيَا فِي ذِكْرِي اذْهَبْ اَنْتَ وَاَخُوكَ بِايْتِي وَلَا تَنِيَا فِي ذِكْرِي . بَلَغَا مَجْمَعَ - بَيْنِهِمَا - نَسِيَا حُوتَهُمَا -

66 بَلَغَا مَجْمَعَ بَيْنِهِمَا نَسِيَا حُوْتَهُمَا - مِنْهَا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ - وَفِيْهَا نُعِيدُكُمْ - وَمِنْهَا نُخْرِجُكُمْ تَادَةَ أخرى - مِنْهَا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ وَفِيْهَا نُعِيدُكُمْ . وَمِنْهَا نُخْرِجَكُمْ تَارَةً أُخْرَى مِنْهَا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ وَفِيْهَا نُعِيدُكُمْ وَمِنْهَا نُخْرِجُكُمْ تَارَةً أُخْرى مَنْ عُقِيَ لَهُ - مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٍ - مَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ آخِيْهِ شَيْءٍ - لَا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا لا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا - تَعْلَمُ مَا فِي ވ نَفْسِي - قُلْءَ اَنْتُمْ أَعْلَمُ مِنْ عِنْدِ اَنْفُسِهِمْ وَاَرِنَا مَنَاسِكَنَا - وَتَبْ عَلَيْنَا - وَاَرِنَا مَنَاسِكَنَا وتب علينا -

67. LESSON 22 tashdid to consolidate تشدید. The sign w is called tashdīd ✓✓ and the letter bearing tashdīd is called mushaddad 55 tashdid means fastening or strengthening. The sign over a letter denotes it to doubling.. A letter with tashdīd contains a quiescent and a vowel-bearing letter.. For example rabbun is infect so to pronounce a letter with tashdīd, first the voice will be settled on it then it will be read with its short vowel, consequently the letter will strengthened and will be pronounced firmly. be in. Please remember, a letter bearing. tashdid should be strengthened utterance and should be pronounced firmly, for this, you will have to settle the voice on it first then pronounce it with its. short vowel.. W ✪. In the case of letters bearing tashdīd while settling the voice on them

68 it will take a little more time, in other words the voice will be prolonged on them before reading them with their short vowel. In exercise sign is given under the nun and mīm with tashdīd indicating that the voice should be prolonged on it.. EXERCISE سبّ سُب دَبّ. Dibbi dubbu dabba subbu sabba شَبٌ شَبّ ي راتي دم جس ران من قو حَقِّ طَلَّ كَمْ جَرُّ مِن سَى يم سي هُنَّ مِمَّ حَيٌّ كُو صَوّ صِرٌ دُو طَل دي صُمَّ هُو تُ حَيٌّ

69. Note: If a letter with tashdīd occurs in the middle, to read the word with pure. Arabic accent, you should read its quiescent part with the preceding and its short vowel with the following letter. Soate 'allama should be read as 'al lama, without pausing in between. فصل 'innamā faṣalli علم لحل la'alla 'allama سحرث - مِمَّا - رَبَّنَا - إِنَّنَا ـرَتْ تَكُونَنَّ اَلْمُزَّمِّلُ - لجي - دُرِّي - اِطَّهَّرَ وَلَا غُوِيَنَّهُمْ . مُبَيِّنتٍ - يَتَخَيَّرُونَ ان لَهُمُ جَنَّتٍ - فَلَنُحْيِيَنَّهُ - يَتَخَبَّطُ لِيُمَحِّصَ - الْمُصَّدِقِينَ - اَلْمُصَّدِّقَتِ الْمُطَّوعِيْنَ فَيَلَعْنَ اجَلَهُنَّ - اَشْهُرُ مَّعْلُومَتَ - فَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ بسُورَةٍ مِّن مثله - فَفِدْيَةٌ مِّنْ صِيَامٍ :

وی 70. LESSON 23. superfluous letters and phonetic styles of words.. In Arabic calligraphy some letters are occasionally not pronounced. We name them superfluous letters. They do not have any diacritical sign. They are blank. So you will join their preceding letter to their following quiescent or tashdīd bearing letters.. Superfluous letters often occur between two words, in the ending of the first and in the beginning of the next word.. Is fardu, alif after ✓ fa is فَادْعُ كَذِهَانِ is kanddinani الدهان superfluous .alif lam after ka are superfluous' ا ل 15 عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ 'amilu sṢāliḥāti in translitteration the curve عَمِلُصَّالِحَاتِ indicates the elision (dropping sounds) from the words.. EXERCISE فَادْعُ لَنَا كَالدِّهَانِ بِالْآخِرَةِ مَرَضًا maradan bi l'ākhirati ka ddihāni fand ulanā

71 لِشَاي - مِائَةَ - اُوْتُوا الْكِتَابَ - اَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ لِيَعْبُدُوا الله - ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى - عَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي اسْتَوْقَدَ - هَذَا الْبَلَدِ الْأَمِينِ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلوةَ - فَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ الَّتِي . وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّعُوةَ - لَبِالْمِرْصَادِ - وَتَوَاصَوْ بِالصَّبْرِ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالْمَرْحَمَةِ - اَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُم اتموا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلهِ - أَقَامُوا الصَّلوة والوُ التَّزَّكوة فَلْيُوةِ الَّذِي - اُؤْتُمِنَ - فَلْيُودَ الَّذِي اؤْتُمِنَ أَمَانَتَهُ. Note: like superfluous letters, blank tips are put in Arabic words for certain purpose but they are disregarded in reading. ميكُل شَريكَ تَجُويهُمْ هَدَيني hadānī najwāhum narāka mīkāla

72 أَتْقَكُمْ - هَومَهُ - تَقُويهَا - بَنهَا فَسَوْهُنَّ - صُحهَا - اِبْتَلَلَهُ - طَغُوبِهَا قَدْ اَفْلَحَ مَن زَكْهَا - وَقَدْ خَابَ مَن دَ شَهَا. LESSON 24. Collective practice of the rules learnt previously.. While practicing this lesson, letters in the words should be cautiously uttered with their distinct sound. Letters with short vowels should be clear in utterance but short in voice. In case of quiescent letters, shaky and unshaken letters should be observed. Letters of prolongation (+-+-+- and representatives ✓ should be equally their prolonged. Pliable letters (S+- 3+ - should be read softly and with rounding voice so they will take as much time as long vowels. In nun and nunation clarity (to read it apparent and short in voice) and suppression (to read it softly, suppressed and long) should be observed. Letters without any diacritical mark are not read, so join their

73 preceding letters direct to their following quiescent or tashdīd bearing letters. Read the tashdīd bearing letters firmly. The voice will take time on letters mīm and nun bearing tashdīd before reading them with their short vowels, to indicate this sign ▲ is given under them in exercise. Please practice to read a word or words given together without breaking, to acquire fluency in reading.. Note: words اللهُم - الله require special attention. If in them lām is preceded by kasrah, it will be read light. As in the ✓. lām. But if lam . اللَّهُمَّ ـ اَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ words in these two words is preceded by fatḥah or ḍammah, it is read heavy as below عَلَيْه الله - اَللّهُمَّ - هُوَ اللهُ. EXERCISE بَلِ ادْرَكَ سَمْعُونَ فَسَوَّهُنَّ. Sammā'ūna bali ddāraka fasawwāhunna او الله allahu قُلِ اللهُ بَلْ لِلهِ قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ عَلَّمْتَنَا سَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ فَاطَّهَّرُوا أَفَاضَ النَّاسُ

74 لَنَصَّدقن وَلِيُّ الَّذِينَ يَذَكَرُونَ يَصُدُّ نَّكَ والزيتون توردونه رَدَدْتُهُ يُعطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَسَنُيَسِرُه صُحُفَا مُطَهَّرَةٌ حُبَّا جَمَّا يَتِيْماذَا مَقَرَبَةٍ رَاضِيَةً مَّرْضِيَّةٌ صَفًّا صَقًا فِي يَوْمِ ذِي مَسْغَبَةٍ ثُمَّ يُمِيْتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ وَحْدَهُ اشْمَأَزَّتْ وَإِنَّ لَهُ عِنْدَنَا لزُلفى وَحُسْنَ مَابِ رَتِّلِ الْقُرْآنَ تَرْتِيلاً يُدَاوُدُ إِنَّا جَعَلْتُكَ - يُدَاوِدُ إِنَّا جَعَلْتُكَ خَلِيفَةً يدَاوِدُ اِنَّا جَعَلْنَاكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ قَعُوا لَهُ سَجِدِينَ - لَتَعْلَمُنَّ نَبَاهُ بَعْدَ حِينٍ كُونُوا رَبَّانِينَ - وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا الْقُرْآنَ لِلذِّكْرِ

75. LESSON 25. Mergence of a letter into its following 1: quiescent nun or nun of nunation followed by any of the six letters do. ي و is inserted into the following letters.. This insertion is called in Arabic 'idghām ES and it is of three kinds. (a) Imperfect insertion, (b) Perfect insertion tāmm idgham nāqis idgham إِدْغَام تام (c) Insertion of nun into the following (a) imperfect insertion: quiescent nun or 1. nunation followed by, is inserted into become double and ي و consequently ي و doubled form is shown by putting tashdiid ✓ on it so nafsin-wama نَفْسِ - وَمَا nafsinwwama نَفْسِ وَمَا becomes man-yagalu مَنْ يَقُولُ مَن يَقُولُ becomes manyyaqūlu. Thus nun is inserted into the followings, but its nasal sound is not omitted, it exists and uttered rather long.. That's why sign ▲ is given under nun. This

76 sign indicates the need of prolongation of the voice as the nasal sound. Note: or nūn. Quiescent nunation followed by ✓ is inserted into its following, but it some what exists in the form of its nasal sound so it is called imperfect insertion.. EXERCISE مَنيُّ اي سو من و sinwwa manyyu tinyya tinwwa minwwa مِن وَلِي مِن وَلِي وَلَا نَصِيرٍ - مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا اَن يَضْرِبَ لِقَوْمٍ يَوْقِنُونَ وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَونَهَا إن يَدْعُونَ الأَشَيْطَانًا خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا امَّةً وَاحِدَةً . لَجَعَلَكُمْ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلكِن مُسْتَقَرٌو مَتَاعُ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَةٌ و مَتَاعٌ مناديا لنادي - سَمِعْنَا مُنَا ويَاتِنَادِي لِلإيْمَانِ مُنَادِيَّا تُنَادِي

77 1. (b) insertion of nun into دل. Quiescent nun or nunation followed by J, is inserted into its following, consequently it becomes double and its doubled form is يَكُنْ - لَهُ shown by putting tashdiid on it. So يَكُلّه yakun-lahū becomes yaku llahū, muḥammadun rasūl ورس ورنا محمد رسـ رَسُول محمد رسول becomes muḥammadu rrasūl. In writing nūn or nunation dose exist, but in reading it is completely inserted in to perfect insertion 'idghām tāmm. EXERCISE so it is called ادغام تام كنل ان ل مر طَل در 'alla du rra ta lli miorra kuolla من رب مِن رَّبِّهِمْ يَكُن لَّهُنَّ مِن لَّدُنكَ ان لَّيْسَ مِن رُوحِي وَسَطَالِتَكُونُوا أَذًى لَهُمْ مَن لَّمْ يَتُبْ شَيْطَانٍ رَّحِيْمِ لَذِكْرُ تَكَ مُحَمَّدٌ رَّسُولُ اللهِ - إِنَّ اللهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيم

78 1. (c) insertion of nān into من. Quiescent nun or nunation followed by us is inserted into its following, consequently the following letter becomes double, and its doubled form is shown by tashdīd on it. So مَنْ تَكَتَ man-nakatha becomes مَنْ تَكَثَ nasrun-minallahi نَصْرِ مِنَ الله mannakatha becomes naṣru^mmina^llāhi. After insertion of 5ŵ -(nun and nuation) they exist in writing, but in reading they are ignored and their following letter is read with tashdīd.. You have already learnt that to read nun or mīm bearing tashdīd voice is settled on them and prolonged. To indicate this sign is given under them.. EXERCISE مِن نُّورِكُمْ انْظُرُونَا نَقْتَبِسْ مِنْ نُّورِكُمْ 'unz urūnā naqtabis minnūrikum mionnūrikum اَلَمْ نَكُن مَّعَكُمْ - يُنَادُونَهُمْ اَلَمْ نَكُن مَّعَكُمْ yunādūnahum 'alam naku mma'akum 'alam naku mma'akum

79 وريم نبي شك منه - تويطي علم في كثير من الأمر .. عَن مَّن تَوَلَّى - فَاعْرِضْ عَنْ مِّنْ تَوَلَّى عَنْ ذِكْرِنَا لَئِن نَصَرُوهُمْ - لَئِن نَصَرُوهُمْ لَيُوَلنَ الْأَدْبَارُ مَغْفِرَةٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ - وَمَغْفِرَةٌ مِّنَ اللهِ وَرِضْوَانَ نه mergence of two letters having similarity.. A quiescent letter followed by any (a) homogeneous (consonant) (b) harmonious (consonant) (c) a letter of same root by utterance, is inserted into its following letter, consequently the following letter become double and its doubled form is shown by tashdīd on it.. Mostly merging quiescent letter is left written as it is, but in reading it is omitted.. Examples: (a) homogeneous letter occurring after will yuwajjih hu يُوَجهُهُ quiescent letter يوجهة yuwajjihhu become after mergence

80 331331 awau wa naṣarū after اووو نَصَرُوا mergence will become (b) 'āwa wwa naṣarū) hormoneous letter occurring after quiescent one nakhluq kum will become after mergence ✓ nakhlu kkum farrat tum will become فَرَّطْتُم after mergence farra ttum n (c) A letter of same root by utterance occurring after the quiescent one. qad tabayyana will become after mergence قَد تَبَيَّنَ irkab' ارْكَبُ مَعَنَا qattabayyana قديَّبَيَّنَ ma'anā will become after mergence irkamma'ana اركب معنا. Note: if explanation concerning mergence of the letters is difficult to understand, it doesn't matter. While doing exercise, you just have to remember that quiescent letter followed by a letter bearing tashdīd should be omitted in reading.

81. EXERCISE حظت وَدُتٌ قدت qantta manna wa ttu hattu ان مر قدر كب م ka mma querra wa wwu 'imma لَهُم مَّشَوْنِيْهِ إِن نَّظُنُّ أَرَدْتُمْ اَحَلْتُ رَاوَدْتُه هَل لَّنَا هَلْ لَّنَا اِذْ ظَلَمُوا مَن تَكَثَ قَد تَّبَيَّنَ الرُّشْدُ. عَفَوَاوَ قَالُوا - تَسْتَطِعْ عَلَيْهِ إن مَّسَّهُ الشَّرُّ - اوَوْا وَ نَصَرُوا - عَنْ مَواضِعِهِ يبني اركب معنا - قُل رَّبِّ زِدْنِي عِلْمًا ممَّن مَّعَكَ - أُمَمٍ مِّمَّن مَّعَكَ قل رب ارحمهما كما ربيا في صَغِيرًا -

82. LESSON 26. Letters on which voice is suppressed or prolonged. In this lesson we are incorporating all the places where in reading the voice is settled and prolonged. Qur'ānic composition is called rhythmical prose, that's why Allah the Gracious has commanded about it to be recited melodiously, chantingly and in an enjoying. For this purpose, manner. suppression and prolonging the voice on a quiescent or tashdīd bearing letter play very important role. So all such places which you have learnt one by one in different parts of the book, have been gathered here. Under the letter where you have to read softly and long, sign ▲ have been given. In the beginning you may look ceremonious and have to face trouble. But, surly, you will enjoy the recitation after gaining practice. 1. On quiescent mīm followed by bā the voice is settled and prolonged. وَمَا هُمْ بِخَارِجِينَ مِنْهَا تَرْمِيهِمْ بِحِجَارَة .

83 2. On mīm converted from nūn the voice is settled and prolonged مِن بَعْدِ مِيثَاتِه شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ 3.. On mīm bearing tashdīd the voice is settled and prolonged 130 ممَّخُلِقَ سَمْعُونَ لِلْكَذِبِ صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ 4. On nun bearing tashdīd the voice is settled and prolonged. إِنَّمَا تُنَبِّئُ اَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لَيَمَسَّنَ الَّذِينَ 5. On wāw bearing tashdīd preceded by nun or nunation nasal sound is uttered consequently voice is prolonged. من وجدِكُمْ خَيْرُ ابْقَى مِن وَلِي وَلَا نَصِيرِ 6.. On yā bearing tashdīd preceded by. nun or nunation nasal sound is uttered and voice is prolonged. مَن يَقُولُ دُرِّيٌّ يَوْقَدُ مَن يَهْدِ اللَّهُ

84 وَمَن يُضْله لحي في اخر التي تخصه بَحْرِ لَّحِي يَعْشَهُ 7.. On nun or nunation followed by other than six letters of gullet, and the letters occurring in the word ير ملون voice is suppressed consequently it is prolonged. إن كُنتُمْ آمَنْتُمْ بِاللهِ - حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ لَن تَنَالُوا البر حتى تنفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ. قَالَ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ - فَأُمَتِّعَهُ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ اَضْطَرة . قَالَ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعَهُ قَلِيلاً ثُمَّ اَضْطَرة .

85. LESSONS 27. Collective practice of rules learnt previously. While practicing this lesson, letters in the words should be cautiously uttered with their distinct sounds. Letters with short vowels should be short in voice. In the case of quiescent letters, shaky and unshaken letters should be observed. Letters of prolongation--and their representatives ✓ should be equally prolonged, pliable. letters should be read softly and with rounding voice, they need as much time as long vowels. In nun and nunation clarity (to read nun apparent and short in voice) and suppression {to read nun softly, suppressed and long in voice) should be observed.. Letters without any diacritical mark are not read, so join their preceding letter to their following quiescent or tashdīd bearing letters. Read the letters having sign ▲ under them long, settle the voice on them and prolong it. Please practice to read a sentence constantly, without breaking in between. Read again and again to gain fluency in reading.

86. EXERCISE وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ مَنَعَ مَسَاجِدَ اللهِ masajida llāhi mimma mmana'a wa man'azlamu وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّن مَّتَعَ مَسَاجِدَ اللهِ wa man'azlamu mimma mmana'a masajida llāhi ان يُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ - وَسَعَى فِي خَرَابِهَا ان يُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ وَسَعَى فِي خَرَابِهَا . اِصْطَفَى لَكُمُ الدِّينَ - فَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُم مُّسْلِمُونَ اِصْطَفى إصطفى لكم الدين فَلا تموتن إلا وانتم مسلمون مُّسْلِمُونَ فَلَنُوَتِيَنَّكَ - قِبْلَةً تَرْضُهَا فَوَلِ وَجْهَكَ فَلَنُوَلِيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضُهَا فَوَلِ وَجْهَكَ ولكل وجمة ومُوَتِيْهَا - فَاسْتَبِقُوا الْخَيْرَاتِ

87 ثُمَّ رَدَدْنَا - لَكُمُ الكَرَّةَ عَلَيْهِمْ - وَاَمْدَدْ نَاكُمْ وَامْدَدْنَاكُم بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ - فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ ان يطوف - فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُطْوَّفَ بِهِمَا فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ - مِنْ حَيْثُ اَمَرَكُمُ اللهُ. فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ اَمَرَكُمُ اللهُ. واتبتَهَا نَبَاتًا حَسَنًا - وَكَقَلَهَا زَكَرِيَّا وانتها نباتا حَسَنًا وَكَفَلَهَا زَكَرِيَّا انَّ اللهَ يُحِبُّ التَّوَّابِينَ وَيُحِبُّ الْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ . اللهَ يُحِبُّ التَّوَّابِينَ وَيُحِبُّ الْمُتَطَهِرِينَ . فَمَنْ عُفِي له . مِن أخِيهِ شَيْنُ فَاتِنَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ فَمَنْ عُنِي لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٍ فَاتِّبَاعَ بِالْمَعْرُوْفِ

88 قالَ رَبِّ هَبْ إِن مِن لَدُنْكَ - ذُرِّيَّةً طَيِّبَةً . قَالَ رَبِّ هَبْ لِي مِن لَّدُنْكَ ذُرِّيَّةٌ طَيِّبَةً دو قل إن كنتم تحبون الله - فَاتَّبِعُونِي يُحْنَكُمُ الله. قُلْ إِن كُنتُمْ تُحِبُّونَ اللهَ فَاتَّبِعُونِي يُحْبِبْكُمُ اللهُ. ان الذينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْكِتَابِ لَفِي شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ . ان الذِيْنَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْكِتَابِ لَفِي شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ ولكن يا دكم . بِمَا صَقَ له الأيمان. وَ لكِن يُؤَاخِذُكُم بِمَا عَقَد تَمُ الْأَيْمَانَ وتو كنتَ فَظًّا غَلِينَا الْقَلْبِ لَا الْفَضَّوا مِن حَوْلِكَ . وتو كنت فظا غَلِيظ القلب لا القوا مِنْ حَوْلِكَ لاكِيْدَنَّ اَصْنَامَكُمْ - بَعْدَ أَنْ تُوَلُّوا مُدْبِرِينَ -

89 لا كِيْدَنَ اصْنَامَكُمْ بَعْدَ أن تُوَلُّوا مُدْبِرِينَ إن تَكُوتُوا تَأْلَمُونَ - فَإِنَّهُمْ يَأْلَمُونَ كَمَا تَعْلَمُونَ . ان تكونوا تا تمُونَ فَإِنَّهُمْ يَأْتَمُونَ كَما كالمون تَأْلَمُونَ فَمَن زُحْزِحَ عَنِ النَّارِ - وَادْخِلَ الْجَنَّةَ فَقَدْ فَازَ تمي تخرج عَنِ النَّارِ وَأُدْخِلَ الْجَيَّةَ فَقَدْ فَاز وَمَا هُوَ بِمُزَحْزِهِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ أَنْ يُعَمَّر. وَمَا هُوَ بِمُزَحْزِيهِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ اَنْ يُعَمَّرَ وَلَهُنَّ مِثلُ الَّذِي - عَلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ . وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِن اَرادَا فِصَالاً - عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِّنْهُمَا وَ تَشَاوُرٍ -

90 فَإِن اَرَادَ افِصَالاً عَنْ تَرَاضِ مِنْهُمَا وَ تَشَاوُرٍ رَبَّنَا عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْنَا - وَإِلَيْكَ آتَيْنَا - وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ رَبَّنَا عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْنَا وَإِلَيْكَ آتَيْنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ LESSON 28. Super long vowels ✓✓✓ (maddāt) 6 ا، ؤ ي. Arabic letters bearing short vowels followed by G. 301 are stretched and pronounced long. So 1.3.1 for their stretching quality are called long vowels ḥurūf madd They have their representatives fathaha 'ishbā'iyyah ± ḍammah 'ishbā'iyyah ksrah 'ishbā'iyyah ī Sometimes these long vowels are prolonged excessively. For this excessive prolongation signs are used over them. So they are called super long vowels مدات maddat. There are two basic causes for super long vowels.

91 1.. Voice of hamzah ), > occurring after long vowel or its representative mark, makes the voice super long, as in the word い سید there is (hamzah)after yā so long vowel ya will become super long becose of its ya adamu يَا أدم - سيث .following hamzah يا ادم will become. Super long vowel farther divided into two kinds. .ވ madd munfaşil separable madd مَد مُنْفَصِل (a) sais madd muttasil contaguous madd مد متصل (b) (a) Separable madd. If a word has long. vowel in its end and its following word is beginning with the voice of hamzah here separable madd (super long vowel) will occur الا إنّهُم ala-innahum will become' الا انهم as la yastahyi 'anyyadriba will لَا يَسْتَحْيِ أَن يَضْرِبَ لا يَسْتَي أن يَضْرِبَ become 393 ވ .madd muttasil Contiguous madd مد متصل (b). If hamzah occurs in the same word after long vowel the super long vowel is used which is called (madd muttasil) contiguous madd. So نسَاء nisa'un will become نِسَاء

92. EXERCISE يَادَمُ - لَكُنا أهدى - يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ - جَاءُوا أَبَاهُمْ وَجايَ ءَ يَوْمَئِذٍ - وَرِثَةَ أَبَوَاهُ - بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ . نه is. The second cause of super long vowel sukūn and " tashdīd. If sukūn or tashdīd bearing letter occurs after the long vowel and the long vowel is necessary to save from dropping, madd is brought as in words. ضَالّين. EXERCISE آنتن آمين آلمنَ - ضَالاً - الله - مُدُهَا مَّثْنِ حاجوتي العَرَيْنِ وَلَا تَتَّبِعَانِ حاد الله - تَأمُرُونِي وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ. In the beginning of some chapters of the Holy مقطعات Qur'an there are letters called abbreviations. They are read separately and treated in the recitation according to the

93 rules mentioned above. So if a letter used as an abbreviation has vowel in its pronunciation followed by sukūn or tashdīd the long vowel in it will be excessively prolonged. As in ha mim حاميم ḥā only has long vowel sound in it so it will be read a little long while mīm has sukūn in it after long vowel yā in its pronunciation, so it bears the sign of super long vowel and will be excessively prolonged.. EXERCISE )34F Q. Jub كهيعص حم عسق. While stopping during the recitation, the last letter of the word, you are stopping at, will be pronounced quiescent. So if the second last letter of the word, you are stopping at is long vowel the reason of super long vowel is there. As in the word will be come in such words you can read the long vowels as super long vowels.. Note: as far as measurement of super long vowel is concerned, it is not necessary to explain. Comparatively there should be

94 24 difference in uttering letters bearing short vowels giving much time to long vowels and much more to super long vowels. If you can even differentiate in prolongation between separable madd and contiguous by giving the later much more time madd it would be better.. LESSON 29. Some verses from the Holy Qur'ān for practice 1. Please raise the super long vowels from the long vowels in prolongation. 2. Read the letters having doubling mark firmly (for this, settle the voice on them, then read them with their ḥarakāt. ✓ 3. Prolong the voice settling on the letters having sign▲under them. 4.. Practice to read as fluently as you can 5. Practice, practice and practice to increase your capability for fluent reading.

95. EXERCISE سَل بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ - كَمُ اتَيْنَاهُمْ مِنْ آيَةٍ بَيِّنَةٍ سل بني اسرائيل كم اليْنَاهُمُ من اية بينة عَمَّ يَتَسَاثَلُوْنَ - عَنِ اللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ الَّذِي عَمَّ يَتَسَائلُونَ عَنِ النَّيَا الْعَظِيمِ الَّذِي . يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا اُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ - وَمَا أُنْزِلَ مِن قَبْلِكَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا اُنْزِلَ اِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ المِنُوا كَمَا امَنَ النَّاسُ قَالُوا أَنُؤْمِنُ . وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُما مِنوا لَمَّا امَنَ النَّاسُ قَالُوا أَنُؤْمِنُ قَالُوا أَنُؤْمِنُ عَمَّا امَنَ السُّفَهَاءُ كُلَّمَا أَضَاءَ لَهُمْ مَّشَوْا فِيْهِ - وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا. -

96 كما أضَاءَ لَهُم تَقَوْا فِيْهِ وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا قُلءُ قلم الذِّكَرَيْنِ حَرَّمَ - اَمِ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ . قُلْ الذَّكَرَيْنِ حَرَّمَ امِ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ . لَئِن لَّمْ يَهْدِي رَبِّي - لَاكُونَتَ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الضَّالِّينَ لَئِنْ لَمْ يَهْدِي رَبِّي لَا كُونَنَّ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الضَّالِّينَ احبطُ بِسَلَام مِّمَّا - وَبَرَكَاتٍ عَلَيْكَ - وَعَلَى أُمَمٍ اِهْبِطُ ممَّن مَّعَكَ . وَعَلَى أَمَمٍ مِّمَّن مَّعَكَ فَاسْتَقِيمَا وَلَا تَتَّبِعَاتِ - سَبِيلَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ فَاسْتَقِيمَا وَلَا تَتَّعَاتِ سَبِيلَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ كَوْكَبٌ دُرِّي - دُرِّيٌّ يُوقَدُ - كَوْكَبٌ دُرِّيٌّ يُوقَدُ.

97 60 الرِّجَاجَةُ كَأَنَّهَا - كوك كَوْكَبٌ دُرِي يَوْقَدُ الرجاجَةُ عَانَّهَا كَوْكَبٌ دُري يوقد الم تخلقكم مِنْ مَاءٍ مَهِينٍ - فَجَعَلْنَهُ فِي قَرَارٍ تَخْلُقُتُم اَلَمْ الم تَخْلُقُكُم مِّن مَّاءٍ مَّهِيْنِ فَجَعَلْنَهُ فِي قَرَارُ ياَيُّهَا المُزَّمِّلُ - قُمِ الَّيْلَ إِلَّا قَلِيلاً يَايُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ قُمِ الَّيْلَ إِلَّا قَلِيلا وَ لا تُطِعْ كُلَّ حَلافٍ تَهِيي . همان شفاء بتوني وَلا تُطِعْ كُلَّ حَلافٍ مَّهِيْنِ هَمَّارٍ مَّشَا بِنَمِيْمٍ . w. في بخر لي - لي يَغْشَهُ - فِي بَحْرِلُّ يَغْشَهُ ردو او كظلمت في بَحْرٍ أَي يَغْشَهُ مَوْجُ . اَوْ لَظُّلُمتِ

98. LESSON 30. Ways of stoppage in recitation.. In Qur'ānic composition many signs of punctuation are used. Most of them are actually abbreviations of explanatory terms.. Four of them are generally used. They are: ○ this is the sign of the completion of a verse. It might have been taken from the ending of the Arabic word ✓ 1 ayah that means verse. > It stands for the Arabic word lazim, that means compulsory so it is compulsory to stop here. b It stands for the Arabic word ☑the mutlaq. that means plenary, sentence is complete so you can stop. 7. It stands for Arabic word.. Jaiz جَائِرٌ that means authorized. So it is equal to stop or carry on reciting and you are authorized to adopt any of the two.. In this lesson you just have to learn how to stop, because in stopping

99 during the recital, different changes occur in the end of the word you are going to stop at.. Notes about the changes 1. The letter bearing short vowel in the ending of the word you are stopping at, is iyyaya' اِيَّايَ .sakin quiescent ساکن made. While stopping will become. EXERCISE اياي 'iyyāy وَالِدَتُكَه رُسُلِ ٥ بِالْقِسْطِ م صدِقِينَه فِيْهِ : يُنْفِقُونَ ، زَوْجَنِ ط شُهَدَاءُ ވ ط عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَموا ط اِيَّايَ طَهُوَم فَنَسِيَه. Converted to quiescent for - و - يَ :Note stoppage will become long vowels, so their preceding sound will be prolonged in stead of settling it on them.

بر 100 2. 60. The nunation of kasrah or dammah in ending of the word, you are stopping at, will be converted to sukūnlahabun will become ✓ lahab while stopping.. EXERCISE لَهَبٍ ، حَافِظه شَابِه عَظِيمٌ م شَيج b لَهْوُّط بَرْقُ ج مُلك م نِسَاء نِسَاء : 7 7 3. kasrah 'ishbā'iyyah 'ishbā'iyyah. T dammah in the ending of the word on which you are stopping, will also be converted to sukūn so ghairihī will become & ^ غير ghairih while stopping.. EXERCISE غَيْرِهِ ، دَلْوَة ج بِإِذْنِهِ ، حَمِدَهُ م ه b 4.. The last letter of the word you are stopping at, having doubling sign " should be read firmly so that it might be read double, only its short vowel will be dropped. ☑✓ tabba will become ✓ tabb, not ✓ tab.

101. EXERCISE تَبَّهُ فِيهِنَّ جَاتٌ آمَرَه مُسْتَقَره b ةٌ 5.. Round tā will be converted to quiescent hā while stopping, whatsoever its position may be regarding short vowels harakāt or will be nunation. quwwatan quwwah قو. EXERCISE ثَمُنِيَةُ ٥ الصَّلوةُ : تُقبةً ط قوا ط. X: b 6. nun of nunation of fathah will be converted to 1 alif in pronunciation while stopping, whether it is written there or not. So .nisa'a نِسَاء ) nisa'an will become نِسَاءً. EXERCISE رَقِيبًا ٥ ضُحَى هِ نِسَاءَ مُصَلَّى بِنَاء من

102 تداء ط 7 سَوَاء قَوْلاً b 7 مَقْتًا 7. Simple fathah followed ya نے بی by having no diacritical sign will be read as هدى .fathah 'ishba'iyyah - while stopping هدى will be read 5''s hadā.. EXERCISE لا لا اعلى 6 أشقى 5 زِدْ نَهُمْ هُدًى ** 8. no change occurs if (a) There is fathah 'ishbā'iyyah in the end as aba آبي (b) There is long vowel in the end as ①dhikrī. (c) There is a letter already bearing sukūn as كورت kuwwirat

103. EXERCISE زَكَرِيَّا ه كُورَتْه ذِكْرِي فَحَدِّثُه. O. Note: the remaining lessons of the book are for the guidance of the teachers. Let the beginners start recitation from the Holy.. Qur'ān after this lesson, caring on the practice of the lessons of this series.. LESSON 31. Joining hamzah hamzatu lwaşl. Sometimes there is an 'alif in the beginning of Arabic words having no short vowel. This is called hamzatu Iwas joining hamzah. While reading such a word, alone or to resume reading form it, you should know which of the three short vowels. would be used. (a). Usage of fatḥah - words prefixed with ) الكتاب after prefixing will be كتب as) ال joining hamzah of such words will be read with fathah as you see, الَّذِي In words

104 allati' الَّتِي (alladhi') and their dual and plural forms joining hamzah will be dealt with fathah.. EXERCISE الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَلَمِينَ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ U فَلا أُقْسِمُ بِالْخُسِ هُ الْجَوَارِ الْكُنَّسِ - هُدًى لا الَّذِيْنَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْغَيْبِ . للمتقير (b). Usage of ḍammah and kasrah. : if a word has been prefixed only with an 'alif instead of 'alif and lam, to read it you should see the third letter to it, if the third letter has ḍammah 2, you should read it with dammah. As ✓ The third letter to joining hamzah is ✓ it has dammah so the word will be read. Jsi udhkur أذكر. But if the third letter to prefixed 'alif 1 is with fathah or kasrah, in both cases the

105 joining hamzah will be read with kasrah, as 7) third letter to joining hamzah is with fathah so joining hamzah will be read with kasrah. Piftaḥ in the word ^^^), the افتح ار third letter to the joining hamzah is with kasrah so the joining hamzah will also be read with kasrah) ighfir.. Practice the rule in the following. EXERCISE قُولُوا الْفُرُنَا وَاسْمَعُوا - قِيْلَ ارْجِعُوا وَرَاتَكُمْ فَالْتَمِسُوا لُوْرًا - فَاذْكُرُونِي اَذْكُركم وَاشْكُرُوالي - الْقَوْا رَبَّكُمْ - وَاتَّبِعُوا أَحْسَنَ ما أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ ـ ارْجِعِي إِلَى رَبِّكَ رَاضِيَةً مَرْضِيَّةٌ فَادْخُلِي فِي عِبَادِي وَادْخُلِي جَنَّتِي

106. LESSON 32. Conversion of nunation to visible nūn.. In previous lesson you have learnt about the reading of a word with its initial joining hamzah. This hamzah is dropped in reading if there is an other sound before it as a rrahman having a word before it will be read without its joining hamzah as .bismillahirrahman بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمن. Reading nunation with its following joining hamzah.. If there is a word, before the joining hamzah, ending with nunation, the nun of nunation is shifted to the following joining hamzah. For 11, 'aḥ adun, 'allāh if you example 4 6 دالله want to read these two words together you .ahadu احمد الله will read aḥadu nillāh. the sound of nun in nuation will be converted to nun with kasrah, in writing, it will be written under the following 'alif. This is the conversion of nun in nunation to visible nūn.

107. EXCERCISE-A. How will you read the following lines without stopping on the sign? ŏ تَبْرَكَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ الْمُلْكُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْى قَدِير ة الَّذِي خَلَقَ الْمَوْتَ وَالحَيوة لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أَيُّكُمْ اَحْسَنُ عَمَلاً مَنَّاعٍ لِلْخَيْرِ مُعْتَدٍ قريب الَّذِي جَعَلَ مَعَ اللهِ الهَا اخر فَالْقِيَاهُ فِي الْعَذَابِ الشَّدِيدِه. EXCERCISE-B. Stop at the sign "O", how will you resume the reading from the next word? وَعَرَضْنَا جَهَنَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ تِلْكَفِرِينَ عَرضَال الَّذِينَ كَانَتْ أَعْيُتُهُمْ فِي غِطَاء عَنْ ذِكْرِي

108 وَكَانُوا لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ سَمْعًا ه فَكَيْفَ تَتَّقُونَ اِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ يَوْمًا يَجْعَلُ الْوِلْدَانَ شِيْبَا السَّمَاءُ مُنْفَطِرُ بِه طَ كَانَ وَعْدُهُ مَفْعُولاًه مَنَّاعٍ لِلْخَيْرِ مُعْتَدٍ مُّرِيبِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ مَعَ اللهِ الهَا اخر. Note: sign over joing hamzah is abbreviation of the word wasl وصل (joining). EXCERCISE-C. Read the underlined words together. كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِن تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَإِذَا عَلِمَ مِنْ ابْتِنَا شَيْئًا تَخَذَهَا هُرُواط

109. LESSON 33. Superfluous 'alif after fathah. There are two occasions in Quranic composition where 'alif is written after fathah bearing letter, but it does not work as a long vowel and inspite of the existence of 'alif after fathah, it is read short. a). Ending 'alif is superfluous in the word ✓ 'anā. So it will be read as'ana úí. EXCERCISE-AC اِنّي وَجَهتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِي فَطَرَ السَّمَوتِ وَالْأَرْضَ راتي حَنِيفًا وَ مَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ٥ قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُكُمْ يُوحَى إِلَيَّ (b) If there is 'alif before the converted nūn from nuation and you don't stop before this converted nun, its preceding "alif will be superfluous it will be omitted in reading will .khaira nilwasiyyatu خَيْرَ الْوَصِيَّةُ be read

110. EXCERCISE-B. How will you read without stopping at ŏ ? وَعَرَضْنَا جَهَنَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْكَفِرِينَ عَرُضَاهُ الَّذِينَ كَانَتْ أعْيُتُهُمْ فِي غِطَاء عَنْ ذِكْرِي فَكَيْفَ تَتَّقُونَ إِنْ كَفَرْتُمْ يَوْمًا يَجْعَلُ الْوِلْدَانَ b شِيْبَا السَّمَاءُ مُنْفَطِرُ بِهِ فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ بيْيَاة و تغير ما زَادَهُمْ إِلا نُفُورًا : اسْتِكْبَارًا في الأرض -

111. LESSON 34 وَقْف وَتْقَه Waqf waqfah وَثْقَه imalah' إمَالَه Saktah سكته. A tartil or to recite with sweet voice requires proper pronunciation, constancy, fluency and modulation. On the other hand an important thing in reciting is is the appropriate accent and delivery so that the meaning would drizzle by the style of reciting or in other words recitation might be according to the meanings of the text. For this purpose terms, waqf, waqfah, saktah should be understood and practiced over. i) waqf verbally means to stop.. Conventionally it means to cut the voice on a word for the duration normally some one can breath, intending to carry on the recital. While doing waqf you should act upon the rules mentioned in lesson 30. If you do waqf on a stoppage sign, resume recitation from the next word. But if you do waqf without any sign, you would go one or two word behind to resume. ii) do, waqfah verbally means to respite.. Conventionally it means to pause during recitation at certain places to create particular shade of meanings, in other words waqfah

112 means to stop shortly during recitation intending not to stop but carry on reading spasmodically to create specific expression of the subject.. EXERCISE (waqf and waqfah) لا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَاء لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَ عَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبَتْ ، رَبَّنَا لَا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِنْ تَسِينَا أَوْ أخْطَأنَا رَبَّنَا وَلَا تَحْمِلْ عَلَيْنَا إِصْرًا كَمَا حَمَلْتَهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِنَا رَبَّنَا وَلَا تُحَمِّلْنَا مَا لاَ طَاقَةَ لَنَا بِهِ وَاعْفُ عَنَّا وقفه ج وَاغْفِرْلَنَا وقفه وَارْحَمْنَا وقفه اَنْتَ مَوْلنَا فَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَفِرِينَ سكته iii) saktah verbally means to halt.. Conventionally means to pause shortly and carry on reading. In saktah pausing duration is less than that of waqfah. So waqfah is nearer to waqf and saktah is nearer to continous and fluent reading. As for the state of the word, you are doing waqfah or saktah

113 on; it is like waqf. So suitable changing will occur in the end of the word you are going to do waqfah or saktah at.. EXERCISE (waqf and saktah) 7. وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ نَاضِرَةٌ إِلى رَبِّهَا نَاظِرَةٌ ةُ وَ وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ بَاسِرَةِ لا تَظُنُّ أَن يَفْعَلَ بِهَا فَاقِرَةٌ لعَلَا إِذَا بَلَغَتِ التَّرَاقِي لا وَقِيلَ مَنْ سكته رَاقٍ وَظَنّ أنّهُ الْفِرَاقُ وَالْتَفَّتِ السَّاقُ بِالسَّاقِ إِلى رَبِّكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمَسَاقُ هُ iv) 'imālah verbally it means to dispose or to make inclined. Conventionally it means to bend a sound of fathah to kasrah and the sound of long vowel 'alif to the sound of long vowel yā for example in English you say fast. Here the sound of f is straight and long.. If you say fable, here the sound of f is a bit inclined instead of being straight. This is 'imālah or inclination.

114. In the Holy Qur'an there is a word majrāhā in this word rā is at the 'imālah so instead of reading rā we will read it rai like its sound in the English word rain. The sign > under indicates its inclination. In some printings of the word is written as tip after indicates that like inclined 'alif not like yā. Holly Qur'an this here superfluous it should be read. EXERCISE ('imālah) وَقَالَ ارْكَبُوا فِيْهَا بِسْمِ اللهِ مَجْرِهَا وَمُرْسَهَا انَّ رَبِّي لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمه. May Allah shower His blessings and mercy upon us through His Holy Book,. Qur'an, both here and the hereafter.. Burhan Muhammad Khan Hafiz. November 2001

115. Comprehension about. Punctuation signs. It is important to recite the Holy Qur'ān with sweet voice except when studying for pondering over or reasoning out. Chanting requires utmost fluency in reading. So stopping and pausing here and there should be avoided unless sense of the subject demands it. It is narrated that the Holy. Prophet Muhammad Peace be upon him used to stop in his recitation at the endings of ) كَانَ يُقَطِعُ قِرَاءَتَهُ آيَةٌ آيَةٌ ( the verses. Never-the-less someone may between a verse. stop in. To recite the Holy Qur'ān direct from its. Arabic text is of utmost importance for every believer, whether he understands it or not. So to make it possible for every one, diacritical marks and punctuation signs have been prescribed. Pronunciation-wise The Holy. Qur'ān exclusively from a to z is word of God, no chip or particle can be exchanged. But as for as punctuation is concerned, it is to indicate meanings, and Qur'ānic composition

116 has several shades of meanings. composition can differ according to it.. So. The scholars have prescribed several signs of punctuation that can be categorized basically in to three categories. 1. The signs of perfect stoppage. وقف تام 2. The sign of satisfying stoppage. 35öög 3. The signs of agreeable stoppage,. The Perfect Stoppage waqf tāmm. To stop at a word, while its following might have no connection with it, nor with its preceding part grammatically or meaningwise. Grammatically the sentence is complete and meaning-wise the tenor is perfect. This is perfect stoppage. Two signs denote this. For example, Allah says b only those can اِنَّمَا يَسْتَجِيبُ اللَّذِينَ يَسْمَعُونَ ط and وَالْمَوْق يَبْعَهُمُ اللهُ accept truth who listen as for the dead Allah will raise them to live.. Here on the word who listen sentence is complete and tenor is perfect, the sign shows this.. Satisfying Stoppage waqf kāfi.

117. To stop on a word the sentence is complete on it grammatically, but the tenor is still imperfect the sign . denotes this sense.. For example Allah says: 7 وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا اُنْزِلَ وَمَا اُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ. And who believe in that which has been revealed to thee and that which was revealed before thee. وَبِالْاَخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ ). And they have firm faith on the hereafter. مِن قَبْلِكَ. Here on the word before thee the sentence is complete but the tenor becomes perfect after the following sentence. So on the word sure stoppage is satisfying, not perfect the sign 7. indicates this sense.. Agreeable stoppage waqf ḥasan. To stop on a word that has link with its following portion, both grammatically and by meaning, but the tenor is complete to some extant on that word. This kind of stoppage has signs: صل, قلےصلے,قص,. For example, Allah says: أولئِكَ عَلَى هُدًى مِّنْ رَّبِّهِمْ ت

118. It is they who follow the guidance from their. Lord. وَ أُولئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ. And it is they who shall prosper.. Here the sentence it is they who follow the guidance from their Lord" is complete but it has deep connection with its following part, and tenor becomes complete after that. The sign after the word is denoting this sense. 5. There are some other signs added to the signs mentioned above, here comes their vivid description one by one. لازم This is abbreviation of the word : م lāzim, that means "compulsory". This sign is employed in the text where the tenor becomes perfect. It is very likely that the contents become jumbled up if you don't stop here. So it is named compulsory stoppage. b: This is the abbreviation of the word who mutlaq that means "plenary". This sign indicates the completion of the sense, so the reciter should stop here.. This is the abbreviation of the word ✓✓

119 " jā'iz that means, authorized This sign is used in the text where a sentence is complete grammatically, but tenor is going on, it is equal to stop or carryon reciting. So you are authorized to adopt any of the two.. General note on stoppage. As far as tartīl is concerned, there is no compulsory stoppage in Qur'ān. It is well arranged, and its words, sentences, verses and chapters altogether are firmly and deeply. interlinked. So if you want to read two or three verses at a time, you can.. Even you can join two chapters by reading the last verse of a chapter and continuing with the next in same breath. You will surely enjoy finding the deep link between the two chapters.. So stopping is permissible at a place where the sentence is complete means, you can resume reading and go ahead. But if you stop where you are not permitted to stop, you cannot go ahead unless you repeat a few words from behind, otherwise you would be breaking the sentence and your recitation. would not be parallel to the subject going on.

120 3 : This is the abbreviation of the word mujawwaz that means proposed to stop.. This sign is employed in the text where a sentence is complete but the sentence has close connection with the sense of its following part, so preferably it should be harmonized with its following part though stoppage is permissible. مُرَخ This is the abbreviation of the word : murakhkhaṣ which means allowed, it indicates that two sentences have mutuality by meaning, though grammatically both of them have independent position, so here a person who is reciting is allowed to stop if needs. : ق قِيْلَ عَلَيْهِ الْوَقْف This is the brief of of that means, it is said that you may stop here. Stoppage is permissible here but reason of stoppage is infirm so it is better to carry on reading.. This is the brief of يَقِفُ عَلَيْهِ الْوَاقِفُ means, one can stop here if he pleases. So stoppage is permissible, but it is better to carry on.. This is the brief of : قلے الوقف أولى. That means stopping is preferable though there is no harm in carrying on.

121 الوصل اولى This is the brief of : means carrying on is preferable, though no harm if someone stops here. قَد يُوصَل This is the brief of : صل. That means sometimes recitation is carried on, so stoppage is permissible but it is better to carry on. لا يُوفَ عَلَيْهِ It stands for the sentence لا. That means stoppage is not permissible here.. So you should avoid stopping on the sign >. If you are compelled to stop, you should resume by reading one or two words from behind. You cannot resume from after the sign . ✓ This is the abbreviation of the word kadhālik that means likewise. It signifies that the place requires the same sign as before. معانقه This sign stands for the word : مع mu'ānqah, which literally means embracing.. Three dots are given on two neighboring places which signify that; 1. A word has relation with the both, with its preceding and its following too. 2.. Secondly it means that the contents are so much bound that in spite of having been

122 the sense complete at one place the second part cannot be separated from it. 3.. Another opinion about the sign is that a group of the scholars suggests the stoppage at one place whilst another group of them suggests it to be at the second place, so you would neither stop at both places nor would ignore both of them. Stop on first place or the second. سكته This is the abbreviation of the word س saktah that means, pause. To pause during the recitation, expressing particular sense of meaning in the subject is called saktah. For this expression a person who is reciting would halt shortly without breaking the breath and would carry on reciting.. Waqfah. This also means to pause. On this sign person who is reciting would pause expressing particular sense of meanings.. Pausing at waqfah would take a little more time than that of saktah, but without breaking the breath. So saktah is nearer to carrying on reading and waqfah is nearer to stoppage, but breathing would not be cut off in the both.

123 j. Conclusion about Qur'ānic punctuation. The huge, vast and endless universe is work of God. The scientists ponder over it and enjoy its astonishing disclosures and ascertaining. New scientific discoveries are being made all the time. The Holy Qur'an is word of God. It is the book verifying His saying: لَنَدَ الْبَحْرُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَدَ كَلِمَاتُ رَبِّي surely; the ocean would be exhausted before the words of my Lord were exhausted, even though we brought the like there of as further help.(Al-kahf. Verse 110.). So the Holy Qur'an also has boundless vastness in meanings, it has exceedingly great mystery and astonishing enigmas.. Because it is the perfect book and everlasting word of God, and to think to comprehend this amazing and wonderful book by understanding it, is just as to comprehend the whole of the universe. Proclaiming to do this obviously will be nothing but a vain boast.. The great pious scholars pondered over the Holy Qur'ān and struggled to understand it, consequently they facilitated us by putting punctuation in its text according the

124 3 meanings they could understand. The punctuation signs are abundant. Most of them are very close by meanings. You may perceive several of them same in function and you might be rather confused. But in my opinion, abundance of these signs and their closeness in meanings and function doesn't indicate the intellectual lackness of the scholars, on the contrary, it indicates the boundless vastness, exceedingly greatness. and bottomless depths of meanings of the. Holy Qur'ān. So these abundant punctuation signs and visible similarity in their function might be amazing, but it shouldn't be disturbing because it opens the doors of different fields of meanings.. These signs in signs in some editions are sometimes employed over the sign of verse "o" and occasionally two or three signs are found in one place. The sign > is sometimes used over the sign of verse. This uneven use of punctuation signs proves that they are not absolute. So if someone is master in. Arabic and according to God's saying لَا يَمَسُّه الا المُطَهَّرُونَ. None shall touch it except those who are purified, 1

3 a 125. He is one of the purified people too; he has authority to suggest stoppage in the light of divine guidance, or to exchange in punctuation signs according to the new aspect of the meaning from his point of view.. May Allah shower His blessings and mercy upon us through His Holy Book,. Qur'an, both here and the here after.. Hafiz Burhan Muhammad Khan. November 2001